長(zhǎng)毛兔主要經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值在于兔毛，手拔的兔毛纖維長(zhǎng)、品質(zhì)好、等級(jí)高，但如果拔毛不當(dāng)也會(huì)引發(fā)疾病，導(dǎo)致蒙陰長(zhǎng)毛兔死亡。特別是在寒冷季節(jié)，保暖設(shè)施不完善的兔場(chǎng)更為突出。為了減少飼養(yǎng)者的損失，現(xiàn)對(duì)拔毛引發(fā)疾病的原因進(jìn)行分析，并且談?wù)剳?yīng)對(duì)措施。

The main economic value of long-haired rabbits lies in their hair, which is long in fiber, good in quality, and high in grade. However, if not properly plucked, it can also cause diseases, leading to the death of Mengyin long-haired rabbits. Especially in cold seasons, rabbit farms with inadequate heating facilities are even more prominent. In order to reduce the losses of breeders, the causes of diseases caused by plucking are analyzed and countermeasures are discussed.

發(fā)病癥狀

Pathogenic symptoms

凡在拔毛后1～2天突然死亡的毛兔，主要表現(xiàn)為皮下水腫，體溫下降，皮膚呈青紫色，有的呈現(xiàn)衰弱無(wú)力、采食量減少的癥狀，有的引發(fā)皮膚炎癥和癬病等。

"Any rabbit that dies suddenly 1 to 2 days after depilation is characterized by subcutaneous edema, decreased body temperature, and a bluish purple skin. Some rabbits exhibit symptoms of weakness and reduced food intake, while others cause skin inflammation and ringworm disease.".

病因分析

Etiological analysis

⑴由應(yīng)激反應(yīng)所致。拔毛時(shí)受到強(qiáng)制性的拉力，引起兔血液循環(huán)加快，導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的心力衰竭而死于心源性休克。

(1) Caused by stress reactions. "During hair removal, the rabbit is subjected to a forced pull force, causing accelerated blood circulation, leading to severe heart failure and death from cardiogenic shock.".

⑵拔毛用力不均，造成皮膚漿膜分離而產(chǎn)生皮下水腫。

(2) Uneven pulling force can cause separation of skin serosa and subcutaneous edema.

⑶寒冷季節(jié)拔毛，保暖設(shè)備差，引起兔體受凍而發(fā)病死亡。

(3) In cold seasons, hair removal and poor thermal insulation equipment cause the rabbit to suffer from freezing and die.

⑷拔毛后兔的抵抗力下降，使細(xì)菌乘機(jī)而入大量繁殖而引起急性死亡。

(4) After depilation, the resistance of the rabbit decreases, causing bacteria to take advantage of the opportunity and multiply in large numbers, causing acute death.

⑸拔毛后需大量營(yíng)養(yǎng)供應(yīng)，使新毛生長(zhǎng)，而有些飼養(yǎng)者管理粗放，兔體長(zhǎng)期得不到營(yíng)養(yǎng)，導(dǎo)致體質(zhì)瘦弱，生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育緩慢。

(5) After hair removal, a large amount of nutrition is required to enable the growth of new hair. However, some breeders have extensive management, resulting in long-term lack of nutrition for the rabbit body, leading to physical weakness and slow growth and development.

應(yīng)對(duì)措施

Countermeasures

⑴拔毛方法要得當(dāng)。在拔毛前1天，給每只兔服地塞米松藥片4～5粒，次日按絨毛生長(zhǎng)的方向，一小撮一小撮地拔取，先拔長(zhǎng)毛，后拔短毛，動(dòng)作要輕，不宜過(guò)急。如有皮膚被撕破，立即用紫藥水涂抹。

(1) The depilation method should be appropriate. One day before hair removal, give each rabbit 4-5 dexamethasone tablets. The next day, pull out small pieces of dexamethasone tablets according to the direction of hair growth. First, pull out the long hair, then pull out the short hair. The action should be light, not too hasty. If any skin is torn, immediately smear with purple potion.

⑵重視保暖。兔舍進(jìn)行封閉，要用火爐、電爐、電燈等加溫，保持室溫在13℃以上，也可在兔籠內(nèi)墊上稻草以利保暖。

(2) Pay attention to warmth preservation. The rabbit coop should be closed and heated by a stove, electric stove, or lamp to maintain a room temperature above 13 ℃. Straw can also be placed inside the rabbit coop to keep it warm.

⑶加強(qiáng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)。拔毛后增加富含蛋白質(zhì)的飼料，以增強(qiáng)兔體的抵抗力，促進(jìn)新毛生長(zhǎng)。對(duì)體質(zhì)瘦弱的毛兔，每天可加喂煮熟的黃豆10粒左右。

(3) Strengthen nutrition. After hair removal, add protein rich feed to enhance the resistance of the rabbit body and promote the growth of new hair. For thin and weak rabbits, about 10 boiled soybeans can be added every day.

⑷對(duì)幼兔、懷孕母兔、哺乳母兔及種公兔不宜拔毛。

(4) It is not suitable for plucking young rabbits, pregnant female rabbits, lactating female rabbits, and breeding male rabbits.

⑸拔毛前要用肥皂洗手，衣服用具等要進(jìn)行。

(5) Wash hands with soap before plucking, and disinfect clothes and appliances.

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