長毛兔因具有極其發(fā)達的消化系統(tǒng)，因此形成了獨特的消化特點。

Long haired rabbits have unique digestive characteristics due to their extremely developed digestive system.

(1)對粗纖維的消化率較高：長毛兔屬單胃草食動物，消化道長而復(fù)雜，容積很大，依靠盲腸中的微生物和發(fā)達的球囊組織，能有效地利用低質(zhì)高纖維飼料。據(jù)試驗，在長毛兔日糧中供 給適量的粗纖維飼料，對長毛兔的健康是有益無害的，可刺激腸道蠕動，促進正常的消化、吸收功能。

(1) The digestion rate of crude fiber is relatively high: Long haired rabbits belong to monogastric herbivores, with a long and complex digestive tract and a large volume. They rely on the microorganisms in the cecum and developed balloon tissue to effectively utilize low-quality and high fiber feed. According to experiments, providing an appropriate amount of coarse fiber feed in the diet of long haired rabbits is beneficial and harmless to their health, can stimulate intestinal peristalsis, and promote normal digestion and absorption functions.

相反，如果日糧中粗纖維含量過低，則可引起腸道蠕動減慢，內(nèi)容物滯留時間延長，發(fā)酵變質(zhì)，誘發(fā)有害細菌大量繁殖，引起腸炎、腹瀉，甚死亡。

On the contrary, if the crude fiber content in the diet is too low, it can cause slow intestinal peristalsis, prolonged retention time of contents, fermentation and spoilage, induce the proliferation of harmful bacteria, cause enteritis, diarrhea, and even death.

(2)能充分利用粗飼料中的蛋白質(zhì):據(jù)試驗，長毛兔不僅對青粗飼料中的蛋白質(zhì)有較高的消化率，而且對低質(zhì)飼料中的蛋白質(zhì)有很強的消化利用能力。(3)能耐受口糧中的高鈣比例：長毛兔對日糧中的鈣、磷比例要求不像其他畜禽那樣嚴格。試驗表明，長毛兔日糧中的含磷請不宜過高，只有鈣、磷比例為2:1以下時，才能忍受高水平磷，過量的磷由糞尿排出體外。日糧中含磷量過髙(超過1%時)，還會降低飼料的適口性，影響長毛兔的采食量。

(2) Being able to fully utilize the protein in roughage: According to experiments, long haired rabbits not only have a high digestion rate for protein in green roughage, but also have strong digestion and utilization ability for protein in low-quality feed. (3) Can tolerate high calcium ratios in the diet: Long haired rabbits do not have as strict requirements for calcium and phosphorus ratios in the diet as other livestock and poultry. Experiments have shown that the phosphorus content in the diet of long haired rabbits should not be too high. Only when the ratio of calcium to phosphorus is below 2:1 can high levels of phosphorus be tolerated, and excessive phosphorus is excreted from the body through feces and urine. If the phosphorus content in the diet is too high (exceeding 1%), it will also reduce the palatability of the feed and affect the feed intake of long haired rabbits.

兔毛有一定的生長期，當兔毛生長到成熟末期，毛根底部逐漸變細而脫落，新毛開始生長，這種換毛過程稱為兔毛的脫換，年齡性換毛：年齡性換毛指幼兔而言。仔兔初生時無毛，一般在45日齡開始長出細毛，到30日齡左右乳毛全部長成。生長發(fā)育正常的幼兔，次年齡性換毛是在30100日齡，第二次年齡性換毛是在130190日齡。在6.57.5月齡以后的換毛規(guī)律與成年兔一樣。季節(jié)性換毛:季節(jié)性換毛指成年兔而言。在正常情況下，成年兔每年春秋兩季各換毛1次。春季換毛在34月份進行，由于此時飼料豐富，代謝旺盛，所以兔毛生長較快，換毛期較短；秋季換毛在89月份進行，由于飼料變換，毛囊代謝功能減弱，所以兔毛生長較慢，換毛期較長。病理性換毛:長毛兔患病期間或較長時間內(nèi)營養(yǎng)不足，新陳代謝紊亂，皮膚代謝失調(diào)，往往會發(fā)生全身性或局部性的脫毛現(xiàn)象，即為病理性換毛。

Rabbit hair has a certain growth period. When rabbit hair grows to the end of maturity, the bottom of the hair roots gradually becomes thinner and falls off, and new hair begins to grow. This process of hair exchange is called rabbit hair exchange. Age related hair exchange refers to young rabbits. When a young rabbit is born, it is hairless and usually begins to grow fine hair at 45 days of age. By around 30 days of age, all the milk hair has grown. For young rabbits with normal growth and development, the first age related hair change is at 30100 days old, and the second age related hair change is at 130190 days old. The hair changing pattern after 6.57.5 months of age is the same as that of adult rabbits. Seasonal shedding: Seasonal shedding refers to adult rabbits. Under normal circumstances, adult rabbits change their fur once a year in spring and autumn. Spring hair changing takes place in April. Due to the abundant feed and vigorous metabolism at this time, rabbit hair grows faster and the hair changing period is shorter; Autumn hair changing takes place in August. Due to changes in feed, the metabolic function of hair follicles is weakened, resulting in slower growth of rabbit hair and a longer hair changing period. Pathological hair loss: During or for a long period of time, long haired rabbits suffer from malnutrition, metabolic disorders, and skin metabolic disorders, often leading to systemic or local hair loss, which is known as pathological hair loss.

公兔的頭一般比母兔的頭寬圓和粗大，發(fā)育正常的兔其頭部大小與體軀成正比例?？谳^小，口邊有粗長的觸毛。鼻孔較大，呈橢圓形。耳長大，有的超過頭長。耳的形狀、長度、寬度、厚薄和耳毛的多少，在一定程度上表示不同長毛兔品種的特征。眼球很大，近圓形。

The head of a male rabbit is generally wider, rounder, and thicker than that of a female rabbit, and the size of the head of a normally developing rabbit is directly proportional to its body. The mouth is small, with thick and long antennae on the edge of the mouth. The nostrils are large and oval shaped. Ears grow, some longer than the head. The shape, length, width, thickness, and amount of ear hair represent to some extent the characteristics of different breeds of long haired rabbits. The eyeball is large and nearly circular.

眼瞼上有睫毛。兔頸較短，頸項肌肉不發(fā)達，能自由活動，發(fā)育正常的兔頸與體軀成正比例，良好的長毛兔應(yīng)是體軀長大、寬廣，以利產(chǎn)毛。一般胸部較窄，腹部較大，臀部寬圓。要求長毛兔的四肢端正而健壯。公兔四肢比母兔粗壯，兔腳著地的方式屬于趾一跖行性，即腳趾和腳掌（趾骨、掌骨）均著地。尾較短，兔奔跑時尾向上翹起，長毛兔全身覆蓋著濃密、細長、柔軟、有光澤而又富有彈性的白色被毛，毛的密度愈大，產(chǎn)毛量愈高。

There are eyelashes on the eyelids. A rabbit with a short neck and underdeveloped neck muscles can move freely. A normally developing rabbit has a neck that is directly proportional to its body. A good long haired rabbit should have a larger and wider body to facilitate hair production. Generally, the chest is narrow, the abdomen is large, and the buttocks are wide and round. Require long haired rabbits to have upright and robust limbs. The male rabbit has thicker limbs than the female rabbit, and the way the rabbit's feet land on the ground belongs to a toe to foot movement, that is, both the toes and the soles of the foot (phalanges, metacarpals) land on the ground. The tail is shorter, and when the rabbit runs, the tail tilts upwards. The long haired rabbit is covered with dense, slender, soft, glossy, and elastic white fur, and the higher the density of the fur, the higher the wool production.

以上的文章由山東省蒙陰鑫華種兔場長毛兔提供分享，更多內(nèi)容請關(guān)注我們：http://m.parmwkd.cn

The above article is shared by Longhair Rabbit from Xinhua Rabbit Breeding Farm in Mengyin, Shandong Province. For more content, please follow us: http://m.parmwkd.cn